Signaling apparatus



Oct. 21, 1930. A. J. QK'LONECK 1,778,897

SIGNALING APPARATUS Filed May 18, 1923 IN VENTO R.

utilization of amplify ng Patented Oct. 21, 1930 AUGUST J. ktonnox,

on NEW 3103K, 1v; Y1

" sIGNAIIiive nrr'nnarus 7 a lication} filed May 18,-

This invention "relat'es.--' to systems, and

means for receiving electrical signals and more particularly to improvements in the devices such as the so-called electron tubes 'of relatively small large values.

This object, aswell asother allied objects hereinafter appearing,*are-freal zed in accordance with the arrangement disclosed in the following description andillustrated in the accompanying" drawing in which The illustrated figure represents a diagrammatic arrangement of'circuits and elements for receiving electrical signals through circuits and thec ooperating local circuits intwo transformers elude eacha coil upon and '11,.including the 0011s 2 and 6 in one of said branch circuits; While the coils and 7 including 'a condenser of comparatively large capacity are arranged in the other branch circuit andthe coils Sand 9 in'the' local circuit for receiving s1gnals-.- The large condenser 15' further prevents a directflow capacity of aerial circuit of a current from one of said branch circuits through the other or receiving branch of the but permits a flow of current received by the aerial circuit, since a small the aerial circuit will render the 7 large capacity of the condenser in the variable inductance.

branch circuit ineffective. V

' The coils 5 and 9 for one Ofsald local cir-' cuits areconnected in series with "two coils 17 and- 18 of a receiving circuitincluding a tuning condenser 16'. In an lnductlve connection with coils 17 and 18 are two pairs 1 of secondary coils 19, 21 and 20, 22 arranged in the well known manner forforming a The coils 21 and 22 are connected to a grid and to afil'ament ofi an amplifying deviceor electron-tube24 of preferable lowmternal impedance for percapacity for an operation with currents of 13 and 59 tothe ing device.

coils only during an operation of-the amplify- "The primary g'coils 25-and 26 -arecoupled r 23; Seria1"No.639,8'19.f

mitting an operationof thesame at alow voltage. The anodeor plate of'the amplify-, ing device is connect-able through two'sepa- V rate primary coils 25'and "26 by a suitable switch arrangement including switches12, -55

battery or other source of current 23 and the filament of said amplify-' ing device'2flg- In the illustrated pesitions'v of the'switche's' the primarycoi'ls 25y26 are connected in series withthe plate of the ther- 50 mionic relay2 l. In the right hand position of switch 13 the *conden'ser'61is connected across the plate and filament of the amplify The central position "of' switch 13connects in multiple to the primary coils. The central position of switches 12am '13 connectsthe primary coils-in series-with condenser 61 and in multiple with the high resistance 4 0; occasioning a flow of current throughthe primary ingdevice by received signal energy, 'Th'eleft hand position ofswitches 12,113- a-nd 59 con-' meets a coil 58 of; a large numberof turns between the -battery 235 and the'iplatei'ofthe, amplifying devicewhile the primarycoils I 25, 26 are connected in'serie's with condenser 61 and a coil of a few number o'fturns 60 in multiple to the battery 23 'and the amplifying device 24:. The coil 58 ghas preferably twice the inductance value of coil60inco'm pensation of the reactance of the other elementsin the circuitwith coi-l -6O to permit a flow of current and a charging andidischarg-f ing'of condenser-61? at about the same frequency; In" this case the inductance of' the coilsmay be varied bychanging'the diame I ter of'the coilsreg'ardless ofemploying a dif Y ferlent-relation in the number of-turnsof said 001- s. I

to an'i-ntermediate-tuning circuit including the coils '29 and and acon'denser 31.' Tw'o v secondary coils '27 and 28- are inductively connected with co ils'29-a='nd 30'but=.arranged' at right anglesw'ith'respect to eoil's 25 and-26 so 'asto prevent a direct inductive coupling between the primary and secondarylcoils. One terminal of coil 28. is connected through a'e'oil 33 to the filament ofanother amp1ify-' thecondenserfil and a resistance 7 ing device The other terminal of coil 28 is connected through coil 27 and thesecond- 'ary of an 1ron core or low frequencytransformer 32 to the gridof said amplifying device 34. A source of current 35 is connected between the filament or cathode circuits and elements of tube 34 and ars'witch 37. The

lattervhas three switch pointsj the lowest shown switch point thereof connects through including coils of fewturns of two coils ofa transformer 48 47 and 57. 001147 consists heavy or low resistance wire and connects I through atuning condenser 52, then-through "the primary of an 'outputftransformer- 49 and a currentvarying resistanceto the" tube iilament circuits. The output transformer 49 is shown operating a loudspeaker 50 through a variable the transfor1ner 4 8 consistingof many turns 9f wire 01x1 0, times as manyturnsas that of coil-47 for-instance. .Thecircuit then cone tinues'through; a switch '53, a high resistance 54, switch 55, and then branches through two coils of a transformer 42. One coil of the latteris connected tothe plate of-the amplifying device 34.7 The other coil has about twicethe numberof turns with respect to the transformers as shown, while the increased impedance through the use of'a pluralityof such transformer permits the use of a great: 1y increased voltage in the plate without danger'ofoverloading the tube, since the increased voltage is employed for operating two, three or six transformers. The output of said six transformers may thence beconr' bined if desired to obtain an increased secondary current. V i 'I' A condenser isconnected. in multiple to each of said coils of said transformers 46, for

' the purpose of making the reactance of all transformers connected n series with one another not largerthan thatof a single of said transformers. In using the last mentioned arrangement of transformers, the

" transformer 48 may be omitted bythrowing switch 37 to the central position if desired.

In the uppermost position of switches'41 and 37, they willtform a circuit through an autotran-sformer and a resistance 38 to trans-V former 42; while a receiving instrument 39 is connected in series with a condenserand together in'multiple to the resistance 38 and to an. intermediate terminal of said auto through the condenser and resistance 51. Coil 57 of,

' 1 i The transformer circuit between said connectedbetween the coil 28 .and'thesource heating battery positive terminal of battery [36 is connected transformer. The last mentioned arrangement prevents a flow of direct current through the receiving instrument 39 when no signals are recelved; but it permits a flow of current through the receiving instrument when signals are received as such oscillating signal currents, further amplified through the autotransformer' will readily flow the receiving instrument. The action ofthe last mentioned autotransformeris-similar to thatfof transformer "48, except that the coilsare connected in serieswitheach other instead of in multiple. The transfo-rmer 44'serve-s for changing thehi'gh" frequency received signal currents to a low frequency current by means of the conventional circuits, including .a detec tor and the audiotransformer 32arranged in i the grid circuit of'the amplifying device 34;

48 hasthe purpose of pro vidingjaspathof low'resistance for a heavy current to be utilized for operating loud talkers or other receiving instruments. Such heavy currents can not'be obtained in a circuit with the amplifying device 34, since the latter has a space resistance ofseveral thou sands of ohms. The 'chief.objectofthis ar- 7 rangementvis thus to utilize anamplifying device of a small capacity for providinga larger reaction than that as now usually obtained with suchampifying devices from a certain signal energy. Assuming thatfan amplifying devicewill operate only at acurfrlent value onemilli-ampere satisfactorily,

means providedto dissipate the excessive voltage from the self inductive or ma'gnetia. ing current of thecomparatively-large trans former 48 throughsaid circuit by changing said currents ,to ahigh voltage but small 7 current of the mentionedvalue of one milliampere gand theniadding sufficient resistance or the high impedancetransformers 46 to the circuit, prior to said amplifying device.) I

I The reactive or discharge currents from transformer 48 arelimited to the desired one mil'li-ampere i value through the additional resistance 54 orthe high'impedancetrans former circuit 46 and thus dispersedfi Itis to'be considered, that this dissipated current will only be a fraction of the total current flowing through transformer 48, ,sincemost of the current, will be used for operating said loudtallrers. or other translating devices.

The transformer coil'33 has its end terminals of current '35. said coil-33 are connected to thefilament of said amplifying 36in a manner-"so that the i to thenegative terminal of the source of our- '120 Intermediate terminals of jdevicei 34 and a filament rent 35. The purpose of coil 33lis, to produce a positive biasing current at the grid when the current from the source 35 flows throughthe lower part thereof by a discharge from rent in a manner so that plate of said amplifying devicetoward its filament and thus, it will support a discharge through said amplifying device 34:. In some respects, there are many purposes the coil 33 will attain; it will produce a counterelectro motiveforce to a grid current tending to flow through the grid-plate capacity of the amplifying device; it may produce a slight regenerative effect with the flow of plate current, while the filament battery 36 may beconnected to the coil 33 in a manner so as to produce a continued magnetic field which is disturbed by grid and plate currents but which by cessation of either one produces a similar or opposite effect upon either circuit as convenient or desired. 1

It will be noted that the coils of transformers 4:8, 4:2 and 7445 the common terminal or to the source of cura current surging from said common terminal through one of said coils toward the amplifying oevice will roduce a secondary current in the other coil of said transformers in the opposite direction or toward the common terminal. In this case, a reacting current from condenser 52'for instance, surging back toward the common terminal and the battery and through coil 47,

will produce a secondary current in coil 57;

in the same direction as that of the current from the battery surging through coil 57. g

The described arrangement permits the use of a comparatively'small amplifying device" in a circuit with, for instance, a ten times higher voltage than that normally employed in connection with such amplifying devices. The excess voltage will be employed for operating the transformer circuits, while the amplifying device will be loaded only with a voltage equal to the normal capacity of such amplifying devices.

It will be obvious that the general principles herein disclosed may be embodied in many other organizations widely different from those illustrated, without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

"What is claimed as new is the following 1. In a signaling system, a stage of amplitication, operating circuits and cooperatlng elements thereror including a source of current, a discharge device having input and output circuits includingterminals, a react-- ing coupler having two coils connected together with one of their ends and-through said sourceof current toone terminal of said output circuitof said dischargedevice, the other terminal of said output circuit connects to the free end of one of said mentioned two coils including impedance, the free end of the second mentioned coil of said coupler forms an operating circuit with reactances for operating in association with the input circuit adapted for increasing the reaction upon signal impulses by means of said coupler.

capacity and are connected to elements, an electronic amplifying to compensate for the 2. In a signalingsystem the combination with electric circuitsjand elements including a reacting transformer-having two coils connested together with one of theirsimi'larly wound coil terminals to a circuit-including a source of current and one terminal ofthe-output ClIClllt of one stage of amplification including electronic amplifying devices,"- the other terminalof said output circuit being connected through oneof said coils of said re acting transformer, theother coil of said reacting transformer beingconnected to a con-1 plingcircuit with theinput circuit of-another stage ofampliiication and including inductanca meansand elements for operating said circuits at the desiredqCur rent frequencies for'receiving and amplify ing a desired signal current, said reacting transformer being adapted for inductively in creasing the effective voltage drop in the shunted coupling circuit by current charges in the outputcircuit of said first mentioned electronic amplifying fdevicej 3. In a signaling ,systemthe combination, of electric circuits i amplifying device, the latter having input and output circuits, a source of current connected in said output circuits including a reacting transformer having two coils of different numbers of turns, said two coils have one of their similarly wound coil turns connected to said source of current, a signal currents coupling circuit for a desired purpose, means for connecting said coupling circuit with that coil of said reacting transformer having a less number of turns than the other coil, means for connecting the output circuit of said electronic amplifying device to the other coil of a high number of turns of said reacting transformer including elements of high impedance, and means for impressing a signal upon the input circuit of said amplifying device, all, for the purpose set. forth. 4:. in a signaling system, a stage of amplification including cooperating circuits and device in cluding an internal output circuit of high resistance and an external output circuit of a multiple of the resistance of said internal out- I put circuit, the external output circuit of high resistance including suitable reactance and a source of high voltage current, the voltage of said source being chosen suficiently high drop through the high resistance elements of said external output circuit, without the latter of which the electronic amplifying device would be overloaded, and means for utilizing the dropof voltage through said reactance elements ofsaid output circuit, for the purpose set forth.

5. In a signaling system, astage of ampli- 1 fication including cooperating circuits and elements, an electronic amplifying cluding an outputcircuit, the latter including a plurality of transformers having primary dis. 1

device in- I coils connected in series with one another and with a source of current, the secondary coils of said plurality of transfiormers servingfl fOI furnishing increased Output power fortiutilizing' means, the voltageof said source being such so esito compensate for the drop through the use of-saidplurality of trainsformers andithe additional resistance in the output c-ntcuit.

6. In a signaling system the combination With an electronic amplifying device having grid, plateand filament circuits lncludlng cooperating elements, of a, transformer having a coil part thereof connected'in said filathe grid and the ment circuit and the end terrriinals between said transformer being adapted for produc- 1ng a' damp1ng effect upon the oscillatory currents, surglng through said grld circult, all,

'for the purpose set fort In testlmony whereof, I have signed my name to, this specification this 14th day of May,'1923. V i

. AUGUST J. KLONEOK.

plate circuits respectively,- 

